Waste to X Technologies
Residue treatment
Re-sourcing Solutions
From residues to resources

Waste to Energy plants generate significant volumes of incinerator bottom ash (IBA), fly ash, and air pollution control residues (APCr). While these materials require careful management, they also contain recoverable metals and reusable mineral fractions of measurable value. Kanadevia Inova provides enhanced treatment solutions that transform residues into secondary raw materials. Our focus is straightforward: maximise recovery, minimise disposal, and deliver reliable, compliant performance over the long term.

IBA treatment

Kanadevia Inova’s innovative IBA (incinerator bottom ash) treatment systems are engineered to optimise material recovery and operational efficiency. Through enhanced separation and metal recovery technologies, we extract ferrous and non-ferrous metals at high recovery rates, reducing the need for primary raw material extraction while improving overall project economics. The remaining mineral fraction is processed into quality-controlled secondary aggregates suitable for construction and infrastructure applications. This reduces landfill volumes and supports a circular economy.

APCr treatment

Air Pollution Control residues (APCr) require specialised treatment and robust process control. Our innovative treatment solutions go beyond stabilisation and disposal. We reduce the volume of fly ash requiring final disposal, enabling the recovery of commercially valuable materials such as soluble salts and zinc. By converting complex residues into reusable industrial outputs, operators can reduce long-term liabilities, limit landfill dependency, and recover value from materials that would otherwise represent a cost to the business.

Kanadevia Inova combines process engineering expertise with operational experience to deliver safe, compliant, and economically sound residue treatment solutions.

Waste to Energy resource recovery streams: bottom ash and fly ash

Scheme flue gas and residue treatment

IBA treatment

X2conmat™ is our integrated processing solution for transforming IBA into defined fractions of ferrous and non-ferrous metals and reusable aggregates (IBAA). The system supports controlled maturation of the mineral fraction while maximising metal recovery and aggregate quality.

The X2conmat™ plant is sized to meet regional market needs with typical capacities of 60–200 kt/a. Units can be directly installed at Waste to Energy sites for operational integration or developed regionally to achieve economies of scale.

An upgrade solution for IBA wet-discharge plants designed to improve fine metal recovery: the Grate for Riddlings (GfR) extracts valuable dry fine material (0–10 mm) on the grate before quenching. Removing the fines in this way enables higher NF (nonferrous) recovery and improved downstream separation performance. Retrofit solutions are available for Kanadevia Inova grates and selected 3rd-party grate systems.

A proven discharge and cooling system widely used in Waste to Energy (WtE) plants. The incinerator bottom ash (IBA) is discharged into a water-filled quench bath beneath the furnace grate, ensuring controlled cooling and reliable ash handling. Wet discharge is typically selected where operational robustness and aggregate recovery routes are prioritised.  

A dry extraction and cooling system that discharges IBA without the use of water. The ash is cooled under controlled conditions to maintain its physical characteristics and reduce moisture content. Avoiding quenching dry discharge improves metal liberation and enhances downstream separation efficiency, particularly for fine fractions.

APCr treatment

Our solution reduces leachability and enables safer disposal or further treatment by removing soluble salts and heavy metals. The type of washing used (neutral or acidic) depends on the flue gas treatment concept and treatment objectives.

Our Ash2salt™ solution converts fly ash and APC residues from Waste to Energy plants into recyclable salts and metal concentrates, significantly reducing the amount of hazardous waste for disposal.

This treatment neutralises blowdown from flue gas scrubbing or fly ash washing, removing contaminants such as heavy metals, ammonia, and POPs, with optional recovery of metals like mercury and zinc.

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